Kidney stones should be added to the growing list of long-term adverse events and sequelae associated with an episode of AKI, according to investigators.
The goal of burst wave lithotripsy is to provide a noninvasive, 30-minute treatment in the clinic without the need for anesthesia, according to investigators.
Upward trend in kidney stone incidence would mean an increase in the number of emergency department visits, urologic consults, and the need for interventions such as lithotripsy or placement of stents, according to investigators.
Genetic evidence suggests a causal relationship in previously observed associations between higher coffee and caffeine consumption and kidney stone risk.