Diabetes:
Indications for: KOMBIGLYZE XR
Adjunct to diet and exercise in type 2 diabetes when treatment with both saxagliptin and metformin is appropriate.
Limitations of Use:
Not for treatment of type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.
Adult Dosage:
Individualize; titrate based on response. Swallow whole. Take once daily with evening meal. Not currently treated with metformin: initially 5mg/500mg daily. Previously on metformin alone: Kombiglyze XR dose should provide current metformin dose. Max saxagliptin 5mg/day and metformin ext-rel 2000mg/day. Renal impairment (eGFR 30–45mL/min/1.73m2): not recommended; (eGFR <45mL/min/1.73m2): max saxagliptin 2.5mg/day. Concomitant strong CYP3A4/5 inhibitors: max 2.5mg/1000mg daily.
Children Dosage:
<18yrs: not established.
KOMBIGLYZE XR Contraindications:
Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30mL/min/1.73m2). Metabolic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis.
KOMBIGLYZE XR Warnings/Precautions:
Increased risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis in renal or hepatic impairment, concomitant use of certain drugs (eg, cationic drugs), ≥65yrs of age, undergoing radiological contrast study, surgery and other procedures, hypoxic states, and excessive alcohol intake; discontinue if lactic acidosis occurs. Discontinue at time of, or prior to intravascular iodinated contrast imaging in patients with eGFR 30–60mL/min/1.73m2, history of hepatic impairment, alcoholism, heart failure, or will be given intra-arterial contrast; reevaluate eGFR 48hrs after procedure and restart therapy if renally stable. Suspend therapy if dehydration occurs or before surgery. Avoid if clinical or lab evidence of hepatic disease. Assess renal function prior to starting and periodically thereafter; more frequently in elderly or if eGFR <60mL/min/1.73m2. Consider risks/benefits in patients with known risk factors for heart failure; monitor for signs/symptoms and consider discontinuing if develops. Monitor for signs/symptoms of pancreatitis, serious hypersensitivity reactions, severe joint pain, or bullous pemphigoid; discontinue if suspected or occurs. History of angioedema to other DPP-4 inhibitors. Elderly, debilitated, uncompensated strenuous exercise, malnourished or deficient caloric intake, adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, or alcohol intoxication: increased risk of hypoglycemia. Monitor hematology (esp. serum Vit. B12 in susceptible patients). Pregnancy. Nursing mothers.
KOMBIGLYZE XR Classification:
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor + biguanide.
KOMBIGLYZE XR Interactions:
Increased risk of lactic acidosis with topiramate, other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg, zonisamide, acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide); monitor. Concomitant cationic drugs that interfere with renal tubular transport systems (eg, ranolazine, vandetanib, dolutegravir, cimetidine) may increase metformin levels; monitor. Potentiated by strong CYP3A4/5 inhibitors (eg, ketoconazole, atazanavir, clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin). Avoid excessive alcohol intake (potentiates effects of metformin on lactate). Diuretics, steroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, sympathomimetics, calcium channel blockers, isoniazid, nicotinic acid, others may cause hyperglycemia. May need lower dose of concomitant sulfonylurea or insulin to reduce risk of hypoglycemia. β-blockers may mask hypoglycemia.
Adverse Reactions:
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, URI, UTI, headache, nasopharyngitis; pancreatitis, heart failure, hypersensitivity reactions, severe and disabling arthralgia, bullous pemphigoid; rare: lactic acidosis (may be fatal).
Generic Drug Availability:
NO
How Supplied:
Tabs 5/500, 5/1000—30; 2.5/1000—60