Ari Hoffman

Aortic regurgitation (aortic insufficiency) I. What every physician needs to know. In aortic regurgitation (AR), blood flows backward from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole causing volume overload of the left ventricle (LV). In AR, the LV has to pump the regurgitant blood from the aorta and the normal preload from the left…

Aortic stenosis and sclerosis I. What every physician needs to know. Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common cause of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and is defined by increased blood flow velocity across a narrowed valve orifice. In the United States, the most common cause is calcific valvular disease related to aging, followed…