Alvin Singh

What every physician needs to know: Congenital abnormalities of the lower airways (CALA) are relatively rare and may affect the central airways, peripheral airways and/or lung parenchyma. Current convention classifies for primary types of abnormality; congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS; intralobar (IPS) and extralobar (EPS), bronchogenic cyst (BC) and congenital lobar overinflation…

What every physician needs to know about congenital pulmonary vascular syndromes Pulmonary vascular syndromes are most easily divided into pulmonary artery disease and pulmonary vein disease. Arterial diseases include supravalvular pulmonary stenosis, peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, pulmonary artery sling and pulmonary artery agenesis/hypogenesis. These pulmonary artery diseases may also be related to congenital heart disease…