For decades, banks managing pensions and other institutions have practiced “social investing,” picking stocks in companies that meet ethical criteria. In the 1970s, some public pensions shunned IBM because the company did business in apartheid-era South Africa. Since then, some church endowments have steered away from companies that produce alcohol or pornography. In recent years, many “social” mutual funds have appeared. Morningstar, a fund analysis company, follows 101 funds that use social criteria of some kind. The list includes portfolios aimed at Catholics, Muslims, union members, and environmentalists.