Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is an effective treatment for stones occurring in transplanted kidneys, investigators have concluded.

THE ABSENCE of urinary nitrites predicts potential resistance of pediatric UTIs to cephalosporins, according to investigators at the Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada.

Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen may decrease serum levels of PSA, which could affect detection of prostate cancer, according to a report in Cancer (2008; published online ahead of print).

Researchers have found that the absence or presence of microhematuria does not accurately predict whether a distal ureteral stone is still present or has passed, according to a report in the Journal of Endourology (2008;22:1233-1236).

The lower the testosterone level achieved in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for advanced prostate cancer, the better their chances of survival, an Italian study found.

CKD increases the risk of hospital-acquired acute renal failure (ARF), a study shows. The greater the degree of underlying renal impairment, the greater the ARF risk.

Parenteral estrogen therapy with high-dose polyestradiol phosphate (PEP, Estradurin) has anticancer efficacy similar to that of combined androgen deprivation (CAD) in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, researchers report.

EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK wave therapy (ESWT) may hold promise as a treatment for chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), researchers reported in BJU International (2008; online ahead of print).

Vitespen (Oncophage), an experimental vaccine, does not prevent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recurrence or improve survival, researchers reported in The Lancet (2008; published online ahead of print).

Adding a diuretic to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) improves ureteral stone fragmentation and clearance, researchers reported in the Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation (2008;19:397-400).