In the PSA era, most men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer present with clinically localized disease and are curable with surgery or radiation. Among patients with no evidence of metastasis at presentation, radical prostatectomy alone is associated with 10- and 15-year cancer-specific survival rates of 96% and 93%, respectively, and post-operative periods of biochemical progression-free survival of 77% and 75%, respectively. Approximately 25%-35% of men believed to have localized cancer fail to be cured following definitive local therapy, most of whom require some form of systemic therapy.